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一提到金融，大家最先想到的恐怕就是银行。不管是转账、存款还是贷款，几乎都得通过银行来完成。这就是我们熟悉的中心化金融。银行，就是那个不可或缺的中心。8 m0 d' C T$ F @3 M, S5 Z
但有没有一种可能，金融活动可以不再依赖银行这样的中间机构？答案就是DeFi，去中心化金融。
' L3 M! k2 T: R# Z4 `: I; ?' W( B在DeFi的世界里，一切金融操作都在区块链上完成，靠的是提前写好的智能合约自动执行。0 {6 a+ ?. O, p
没有柜台、没有信贷员、甚至没有银行，只有代码和规则。
u* Y; ^. j" J6 [0 [3 F以借贷为例。9 o s N* C% J! v* n1 s& G
传统世界里，你想向银行贷款，得提交收入证明、抵押房产，签一堆文件，等银行审核通过后才能拿到钱。& \9 @1 g2 F, E+ ? W
而在DeFi中，这一切变得像在一个全自动的当铺里进行。你不用面对任何人，只需跟程序打交道。4 P" {3 ~. k# M/ q
这个当铺能运转，靠的是下面3个核心部件# {: q6 p. v# Q8 M' j9 k
区块链好比一个公开的账本，记录所有交易，谁都不能篡改。比如在以太坊上记录了你的账户下有1000个以太币，你有这1000个以太币才能进行抵押借贷。
$ Z$ W4 N% @) v然后抵押借钱的关键在于，你抵押的资产到底值多少钱。1 f- e* f5 H; b. ~7 n
传统金融中有专门的人来评估你的房产。在Defi中则依靠Chainlink 预言机，它负责实时汇报外部价格。比如说1个以太币3000美元。) F8 n1 g, i2 z6 [9 V! f/ `: d
有了区块链和预言机，当铺才知道了你抵押的资产值多少钱。但你能借多少钱，利息多少，钱从哪里来。; x) z5 Q/ R4 Y: E5 Z
这些就是借贷协议层，这里就相当于当铺本体，规定了借贷行为的各种规则8 e& L) |9 {2 Y m5 o+ J3 p: W
典型代表有 Aave 和 Compound。
2 |" y; }9 z: |+ c9 k' `1 y2 T) r比如我们定义了资金池，所有想赚利息的人，把钱存进来的，形成了一个大资金池。这些钱就可以拿去借给别人。
5 L& I1 e7 v( j5 z你想借钱，就从池子里拿。你存钱进去，就相当于当了债主，能收到别人借钱的利息。
& v0 p: Y, p* V0 V2 v你想借100块钱，那你必须抵押价值至少150块的东西，防止你借钱跑了。 |- M6 y. X5 L2 a) Y6 V
万一你抵押的东西价格暴跌，只值120块了，机器人店员不会打电话催你，会直接把你抵押的东西卖掉，先把100块本金拿回来，保护资金池的安全。这个过程就叫清算，对你来说很无情，但对存钱的人来说很安全。
3 A" p8 ]: N9 C" O6 C2 p) q( O4 u6 {2 P这些零零散散的借贷协议，保证了当铺的运作。
) i) q, J+ c# v8 i0 i6 m6 ?; @DeFi不是虚无的概念，它正在重构我们对金融的认知。当然，它仍处于早期阶段，高收益往往高风险，特别是智能合约漏洞和资产波动可能导致资产直接归零。
- W' G# i" [7 H$ T1 O |
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DeFi就是金融版的自助餐厅，无需排队银行，直接和智能合约搞定 |
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当前离线
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