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一文讲解投资 DAO 的现状,以及赛道内表现最亮眼的参与者、其所使用的工具与框架,以及当前所面临的挑战。 原文标题:《How the first investment DAOs challenged Venture Capital》 撰文:Jan Baeriswyl,Outlier Ventures 编译:Chasey,WhoKnows DAO 现有的 DAO 大致可以分为三类:协议 DAO、工作 / 社会 DAO 以及投资 DAO. 在这之中,我们对于投资 DAO 较为感兴趣,一是因为投资 DAO 在技术层面并不复杂,其难点主要在于法律层面;二是因为现在已经有很多流动资产充足的 DAO 发行了金融产品,我们相信未来会有越来越多的 DAO 参与其中。此外,若是想要了解 Web3 原生工具的未来画像,研究投资 DAO 也是必不可少的一环。这里的研究对象不仅仅是指投资 DAO 的现状,还包括了赛道内表现最亮眼的参与者、其所使用的工具与框架,以及当前所面临的挑战。 投资 DAO 的由来与现状之所以要以 DAO 的形式进行投资,其动机主要有两点: 在传统金融中,辛迪加模式的联合投资(多个投资方分为领投和跟投,对同一项目进行投资,便于分摊风险)很难在多个国家间进行,主要源于以下几点所带来的不便: 需要建立复杂的法律体系; 需要协调各个国家的银行; 需要向各地发送公证文件; 虚拟货币等非常规资产具备复杂性。
DAO 的模式成功消除了此类因国家行政体系不一致所引发的麻烦,参与者现在只需要在钱包中简单地点几下,就可以投入资金以参与联投。在 DAO 体系之下,完成筹款往往比决定如何部署资金容易得多,以下两个经典案例也完美地证明了这一点: 最近,DAO 工具和 DAO 框架成为了许多用户重点关注的热门领域,其中的一些协议 / 产品具备现成的组件,并且可以有效赋能安全性,提升了 DAO 资金池合约的可信度。这类优秀的工具可以帮助 DAO 的投资决策,以及后续资金部署的协调变得更加简单高效,Gnosis Safe 多签钱包就是其中之一。从理论上讲,多签钱包可以替代掉法律合同、银行以及其他的一些琐碎事项。不过,虽然 DAO 本身并不需要法律结构,但其依旧处于当地法律法规的管制之下,因此 DAO 通常需要依附于法律实体,以便受到法律法规的约束,同时建立与链下世界的通道,进行员工雇佣、纳税等工作。 此外,一个不具备法律结构的 DAO 往往面临着许多风险: 如果 DAO 具备盈利目的,即使成员之间素未谋面,法院也有可能会将 DAO 判定为「由普通合伙人组成的非法人组织」,因为成员间建立了商业关系; 在不具备公司实体的情况下,每位 DAO 成员都承担着无限的潜在责任; 更难达到合规部门的 KYC/AML 监管要求,投资 DAO 通常仅能接收少数经认可的投资者(在美国最多 99 人)
开创时代的投资 DAO
至今已有许多投资 DAO 取得了亮眼的成绩,在文章的这一部分,我们会一起了解这些先驱者们所使用的工具和机制。 MetaCartel VenturesMetaCartel Ventures 作为第一个风投 DAO,投资了 Zapper、Rarible 等知名项目。其于 2018 年成立,由于非常注重组织对于投资结果的增值效应,其对于成员的筛选标准非常高,也因此收获了许多知名的老韭菜、项目创始人、投资人等参与其中。目前,MetaCartel 所使用的 DAO 工具已开源,便于其他 DAO 学习效仿。 Moloch DAOMoloch DAO 在创立初期专注于资助以太坊链上的公共设施(客户端、钱包等)。其发明的 「RageQuit 」机制,后续被包括 Flamingo DAO 在内的许多投资 DAO 所使用。该机制的原理是:在做出投资决策后、实施资金部署前预留一段时间,以便不愿参与该投资的 DAO 成员可以从国库中按比例提出份额,并退出联投。这为成员们提供了传统金融中不曾存在过的资产保障,当集体共识与个人价值发生冲突时,成员有权利选择退出。 |
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