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一提到金融,大家最先想到的恐怕就是银行。不管是转账、存款还是贷款,几乎都得通过银行来完成。这就是我们熟悉的中心化金融。银行,就是那个不可或缺的中心。! n6 B2 i$ X; p2 i& X 
但有没有一种可能,金融活动可以不再依赖银行这样的中间机构?答案就是DeFi,去中心化金融。7 D/ J4 }( U' ^: i. p+ S; h% `3 \; j6 \ 
在DeFi的世界里,一切金融操作都在区块链上完成,靠的是提前写好的智能合约自动执行。- S; _; q3 r6 H+ J5 ^ 
没有柜台、没有信贷员、甚至没有银行,只有代码和规则。% L* ]+ n$ B  C( f2 _1 n 
以借贷为例。 
# y& e7 e2 j4 O, v传统世界里,你想向银行贷款,得提交收入证明、抵押房产,签一堆文件,等银行审核通过后才能拿到钱。2 W! H: M7 Z, E* l1 O 
而在DeFi中,这一切变得像在一个全自动的当铺里进行。你不用面对任何人,只需跟程序打交道。. P. c9 f4 N. Z/ a4 T) F 
这个当铺能运转,靠的是下面3个核心部件 
' o0 i! K. U# Y& U0 \7 c$ d区块链好比一个公开的账本,记录所有交易,谁都不能篡改。比如在以太坊上记录了你的账户下有1000个以太币,你有这1000个以太币才能进行抵押借贷。3 C: E+ C* Y: _  w8 t( Y) m 
然后抵押借钱的关键在于,你抵押的资产到底值多少钱。! g$ H7 {% V* @) N/ w 
传统金融中有专门的人来评估你的房产。在Defi中则依靠Chainlink 预言机,它负责实时汇报外部价格。比如说1个以太币3000美元。 
) W$ [0 G2 L; |) u; S* Q# |2 A3 ]6 B有了区块链和预言机,当铺才知道了你抵押的资产值多少钱。但你能借多少钱,利息多少,钱从哪里来。3 [- e5 Z4 E+ v$ C 
这些就是借贷协议层,这里就相当于当铺本体,规定了借贷行为的各种规则 
3 k2 F' \  w! s* p3 ?典型代表有 Aave 和 Compound。% V4 q7 Y9 G+ A- c5 s% u4 ` 
比如我们定义了资金池,所有想赚利息的人,把钱存进来的,形成了一个大资金池。这些钱就可以拿去借给别人。6 r1 C- i! w5 L 
你想借钱,就从池子里拿。你存钱进去,就相当于当了债主,能收到别人借钱的利息。 
1 A+ y2 `- u: C& R: @9 [你想借100块钱,那你必须抵押价值至少150块的东西,防止你借钱跑了。 
, g+ W* J/ K7 C! f; Q# _万一你抵押的东西价格暴跌,只值120块了,机器人店员不会打电话催你,会直接把你抵押的东西卖掉,先把100块本金拿回来,保护资金池的安全。这个过程就叫清算,对你来说很无情,但对存钱的人来说很安全。( n! {5 {0 U: d) P' ` 
这些零零散散的借贷协议,保证了当铺的运作。 
5 C& w& p6 l1 pDeFi不是虚无的概念,它正在重构我们对金融的认知。当然,它仍处于早期阶段,高收益往往高风险,特别是智能合约漏洞和资产波动可能导致资产直接归零。: L5 n/ h* ?- q 
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DeFi就是金融版的自助餐厅,无需排队银行,直接和智能合约搞定 |   
 
 
 
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