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: M$ w8 B0 n5 a/ p3 c2 Q$ |中美两国在打击非法金融活动、加强网络安全和确保全球稳定方面拥有共同利益。未来形势将更多取决于价值观和治理，而非技术。( A) ~9 @: a, Z6 H, v. p6 O
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E1 q2 u( G9 i5 [3 q% B9 i2025年，美国国会在塑造数字资产监管格局方面迈出决定性一步。7月，众议院推进了三项重要立法：《指导与建立美国稳定币国家创新法案》（天才法案）、《数字资产市场清晰法案》（清晰法案）/ s% G! g' G. V6 [! n
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" W# z% N9 }. ]1 X9 h3 k, S以及《反中央银行数字货币监控国家法案》（反CBDC法案）。《天才法案》已于7月18日由特朗普总统签署成为法律；《清晰法案》和《反CBDC法案》已在众议院获得通过，目前正等待参议院审议。 $ ]9 G8 z6 [0 _; O6 G( c; V( [! p
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三项法案，三个领域
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( o; |4 F9 S" W8 t2 F' g8 }5 B《天才法案》以稳定币为核心内容。该法案建立了联邦和州双重监管架构，要求发行人持有高质量资本储备、维持资本充足率标准，并定期披露储备构成。该框架使得稳定币具有更接近银行和货币市场
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. v5 _9 X+ Z+ o基金的监管标准，同时也为各州向小型发行人发放许可提供了空间。《清晰法案》则主要解决资产分类的核心问题。与此同时，《反CBDC法案》明确禁止美联储发行能够被美国ZF监控的央行数字货& }& [! [8 Z: x9 c: O3 D
, ~+ o- ?0 G# Y" F! B币（CBDC），这反映出共和党对中央集权的不信任。
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美东时间2025年7月18日，美国总统特朗普在白宫正式签署《指导与建立美国稳定币国家创新法案》（又称《天才法案》），标志着美国稳定币监管立法进入实施阶段。# S: V5 c+ [ \( e
; E. [ u, z0 m; X2 h( H$ {将这些问题拆分成三项法案，既体现了法律必要性，也体现了ZZ策略。稳定币、资产分类和央行数字货币涉及不同的法定制度、监管机构和意识形态，如果将它们捆绑成一项法案，其通过过程将极其1 }1 S9 i1 W( ~% b7 U- D
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复杂，相比之下，为它们分开制定法案，能确保更有针对性地达成共识。然而必须指出的是，这三项法案虽然内容全面，但并未涵盖所有数字资产监管议程。它们留下了一些悬而未决的问题，例如去中
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心化金融的反洗钱义务、加密货币交易的税收，以及银行和经纪商/交易商的托管规则。/ ]# Y+ W6 I' g' v
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美国的监管框架将在全球范围产生强烈反响。首先，中短期内，稳定币的合法化和监管可能巩固数字美元在国际金融中的主导地位。区块链数据分析公司Chainalysis估计，2024年稳定币的转账总额估计% i$ u0 G; X: X4 Z
2 u* z/ e+ w! _. i达3万亿美元，其中 80%以上以美元计价。法律的明确性可能加速其在零售支付、企业财务和跨境汇款中的应用。其次，通过明确市场类别，美国可以从其他竞争地区抢占商业资源。欧洲的加密资产市/ i2 M1 o, ~* b
3 l9 i5 t0 c! C7 b2 M场监管法案（MiCA）虽然内容全面，但外界认为其限制性很强，尤其是对去中心化金融（DeFi）和算法稳定币而言，这可能迫使企业重返美国市场。第三，美国拒绝央行数字货币，没有将全球数字货币) T8 R Z# X( t; B5 c
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竞争视为技术竞赛，而是定义为一场治理模式之争：一边是隐私和自由市场，一边是所谓由国家驱动的金融架构。 , u0 \ A5 E9 W# |$ E
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当前离线
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当前离线
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当前离线
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